There are a variety of pens nowadays. There are pens, ball pens, reed pens, fountain pens, ballpoint pens, fountain pens, gel ink pens, wooden pens, etc. Among the leading manufacturers of pens Parker Pens, Mont Blanc pens Waterman Bic pens, pencils and Cross-over. This remarkable writing instrument, with the help of which you can leave a trace of ink on the paper surface, is an indispensable part of our lives.
The history of pens of antiquity, from the years around 3000 BC, they were cut from reeds. The English word "pen" (pen writing) came from Latin "penna" meaning "feather of a bird. The best samples were made of large feathers of swans, turkeys, chickens and geese. Archeological discoveries in the ruins of Pompeii variants bronze pens, but they have been widely disseminated by the late eighteenth century. Laszlo Biro, taking into account the latest methods of manufacturing ball bearings for machines and weapons, said mechanism hair ball and presented the ballpoint pen in the world in 1944. The company stationery Pentel Tokyo became the first to introduce the world felt in 1960.
The time of writing pens road of history is about 6000 years. The main steps of it:
About British Columbia, 3000-4000 aged man dropped the wet clay with a bronze plaque with a stick or bone.
Around 3000 BC Egyptians began to use images in their compositions. Thin reed brushes or feathers have been used to make inscriptions on rolls of papyrus. 1300 BC Romans used metal pens for writing on thin sheets of wax on wooden bars.
Middle Ages, the Anglo-Saxons began to use bars filled with wax on parchment. They wrote with pens made of metal or bone, one end has been refined and the other was used for deletion. 600-1800 AD Europeans have discovered that the use of sharpened pencils changed the style of writing (writing). They first used the capitals, but later they began to use lower case for increasing the writing speed.
1790ies. Regardless of slate pencil was invented in France and Australia.
1800-1850ies. metal pen was patented in 1803, but the patent has not been used for commercial purposes. In the 19th century, metal pens completely replaced pens from goose feathers. In 1850, the use of fountain pens significantly decreased, as the quality of steel pens above advice was taken with several heavy alloys of iridium, rhodium and osmium.
Invention of the ballpoint pen is officially dated from the late 19 th century. In 1888, John Loud took a patent in 1916 - Van Vechten Reisberg. Unlike these other patents have been used for commercial purposes.
Invention of the modern ballpoint pen is attributed to Laszlo Biro and George Biro. In summer 1943, the first industrial units were manufactured. Patent rights were purchased by the British Parliament. Ballpoint pens were used by the military during the Second World War because they were more practical and more reliable than pens.
In 1940 ballpoint pens on the market of the United States. They were sold the first who wrote under the pen. Ballpoint pen was a huge success. In a large department store in New York, more than 10,000 pens were sold at a luncheon in October, 29 1945.
In 1953, the first cheap pens appeared in French Baron Bich of BIC Co. specializes in manufacturing of ballpoint pens, managed to improve the process and reduces manufacturing costs. Bic pens are very cheap and quickly became very popular.
In 1960, Felt was invented in Japan. Felt quickly became the U.S. Ballpoint pens appeared in the early 1980s. They had a ball in motion and can use liquid ink that can write on paper smooth line. Technological advances in the late 1980s - early 1990s ball considerably improved in all parameters.
The 1990 in pens with a rubber surface that reduces by pressing the pen is in force and have been widely adopted.
In 1997, the mass production of the Ring Pens started. These pens have been developed to write without pressing three fingers when writing.
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